Nivel de información sobre protectores bucales y avulsión dentaria en entrenadores deportivos / Level of information on oral protectors and dental avulsion in sport trainers

Introducción: La práctica deportiva conlleva un alto riesgo de traumatismos dentoalveolares, por lo que es necesario que los entrenadores y deportistas conozcan sobre el uso adecuado de los protectores bucales y el procedimiento de urgencia ante la aparición de un trauma dental. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de información sobre protectores bucales y avulsión dentaria en entrenadores deportivos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, durante el mes de febrero de 2020, en la Escuela de Iniciación Deportiva Escolar Provincial Lino Salabarría Pupo de Sancti Spíritus. Para ello se seleccionó una muestra probabilística, representativa y aleatoria de 25 entrenadores de los deportes de combate y juego con pelotas, a los cuales se le aplicó una encuesta estructurada sobre protectores bucales y avulsión dentaria. Resultados: Entre los integrantes de la serie, 76 % eran universitarios y 52 % poseían más de 10 años de experiencia profesional. Asimismo, se obtuvo que 88 % recomendaran el uso del protector bucal a sus deportistas, pero la mayoría desconocía sus características, funciones y tipos, así como la conducta a seguir ante la ocurrencia de una avulsión dentaria. Conclusiones: El nivel de información sobre protectores bucales y avulsión dentaria en los entrenadores deportivos fue deficiente, lo que demostró que es necesaria la educación en dicho tema. De hecho, los estomatólogos tienen la tarea de realizar campañas para incentivar y educar en el uso de los protectores bucales y en el procedimiento correcto de urgencia si ocurriera un trauma dentoalveolar.

Introduction: The sport practice bears a high risk of dentoalveolar trauma, reason why it is necessary that trainers and sportsmen know on the appropriate use of oral protectors and the emergency procedure in view of the emergence of a dental trauma. Objective: To determine the level of information on oral protectors and dental avulsion in sport trainers. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out during February, 2020, in the Lino Salabarría Pupo Provincial Initiation Sport School in Sancti Spíritus. A probabilistic, representative and random sample of 25 trainers from combat sports and ball games was selected, to whom an structured survey on oral protectors and dental avulsion was applied. Results: Among the members of the series, 76 % were university students and 52 % had more than 10 years of professional experience. Also, it was obtained that 88 % recommended the use of the oral protector to their sportsmen, but most of them ignored its characteristics, functions and types, as well as the way to behave considering the occurrence of a dental avulsion. Conclusions: The level of information on oral protectors and dental avulsion in the sport trainers was poor, what demonstrated that the education on this topic is necessary. In fact, dentists have the task of carrying out campaigns to motivate and educate in the use of oral protectors and in the correct emergency procedure in case a dentoalveolar trauma happened.

Prevention and Management of Dental Trauma in Primary Teeth in the Context of the COVID-19: A Critical Literature Review

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate and discuss the prevention and management of dental trauma in primary teeth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: Critic literature review, searching electronic databases and Google for articles and guidelines published in English that described prevention and management of dental trauma in primary dentition during the pandemic of COVID-19. Results: 5 publications regarding management and 1 leaflet about prevention for parents were identified. Urgent care is required when the child presents tooth fracture resulting in pain or causing soft tissue trauma and luxation affecting bite. Avulsed teeth should not be replanted and advice and self-help may be sufficient in some situations. Instructions about soft diet and hygiene must be provided. Remote consults are recommended for non-urgent situations and during follow-up to evaluate the presence of sequelae. Aerosol generating procedures should be avoided and, in cases of poor prognosis, extraction is recommended to prevent recurring visits to the dental office. Conclusion: During COVID-19 pandemic, remote consults should be recommended to evaluate traumatic dental injuries in primary dentition. Follow-up should not be neglected and may be performed through remote consultation.

Effect of First Aid Management of Dental Avulsion Posters on Primary School Teachers Knowledge

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effect of deploying a "First Aid Management of Dental Avulsion" poster in a primary school setting to improve teachers' knowledge. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted at public primary schools in central Jakarta, with 54 teachers meeting the inclusion criteria. The questionnaire contained 13 questions, divided into two sections. The first section consisted of questions about sex, age, education, length of service, field of education, and whether the teacher had received first aid management education before. The second section consisted of 7 questions about the teacher's knowledge regarding dental avulsion and its management. Baseline knowledge was defined by using a questionnaire and then teachers were shown the educational poster covering the first aid management of dental avulsion. Next, the teachers answered a post-education questionnaire, which included the same questions as the first questionnaire. A paired t-test or Wilcoxon's signed-rank test was used based on the distribution of data to determine the significance of the differences between before and after education. Results: The median score before reading the poster was 5, while the median score after reading it was 10. The difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: "First Aid Management of Dental Avulsion" poster could improve the knowledge of primary school teachers in Jakarta.

Odontología deportiva y prevención de trauma dentoalveolar / Sports dentistry and prevention of dentoalveolar traumas

La odontología deportiva es la rama de la medicina deportiva que se ocupa de la prevención y el tratamiento de las lesiones bucodentales y las enfermedades orales asociadas al deporte y el ejercicio. Por lo que se hace necesario la intervención de profesionales de la salud bucodental para hacer evaluaciones del deportista y el deporte que practica para ver los riesgos que puede tener de desarrollar y sufrir lesiones bucodentales como traumas dentoalveolares y lesiones no cariosas. Y de este modo realizar las recomendaciones a cada paciente que practica deporte, de los elementos que deben usar como equipamiento bucodental para evitar o reducir el daño dentoalveolar (AU)

Sports dentistry is the branch of sports medicine that deals with the prevention and treatment of oral injuries and oral diseases associated with sports and exercise. Therefore it is necessary the intervention of oral health professionals to make evaluations of the athlete and the sport he practices to see the risks that may have to develop and suffer oral injuries such as dentoalveolar trauma and non-carious lesions. And in this way make the recommendations to each patient who practices sports, of the elements that should be used as oral equipment to avoid or reduce dentoalveolar damage (AU)

Knowledge of paediatric patients and their guardians about mouth guards

Introduction: Mouth guards are devices used to prevent injuries during sports activities. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge of paediatric patients and their guardians about mouth guards. Methods: Paediatric patients from 9 to 15 years old and their guardians who sought care in the Paediatric Clinic of the Dentistry School were invited to participate. Their knowledge about mouth guards was collected through a two-part questionnaire with open and closed ended questions. The first part of the questionnaire contained sociodemographic questions and a main question about what a mouth guard is. The second part was solely about mouth guards and was applied immediately after an explanation about mouth guards at the end of the first part. All data collected were tabulated and analysed descriptively. Results: A total of 122 guardians were interviewed; 39.3% had children who practised some type of sports activity and 32% reported a trauma episode. Most (54.9%) did not know what a mouth guard was but, after explanation, 57.4% had seen someone using one. A total of 33 paediatric patients were interviewed, 60.6% of whom practised some sport; 27.3% of these had already suffered some type of dental trauma during the activity. None of the interviewees used a mouth guard during their sports activity, although 97% believed that using a mouth guard was important and 78.8% believed that the protector did not interfere with the activity. Conclusion: Guardians and paediatric patients have little knowledge about mouth guards.

Introdução: Os protetores bucais são usados para prevenir lesões durante atividades esportivas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o conhecimento sobre os protetores bucais dos pacientes pediátricos e seus responsáveis. Métodos: Pacientes pediátricos de 9 a 15 anos, que procuraram atendimento na Clínica Pediátrica da Faculdade de Odontologia e seus responsáveis foram convidados a participar. Seu conhecimento sobre protetores bucais foi coletado através de um questionário em duas partes com perguntas abertas e fechadas. A primeira parte do questionário continha algumas questões sociodemográficas e uma questão principal sobre o que é um protetores bucais. A segunda parte era apenas sobre protetores bucais e foi aplicada imediatamente após uma explicação sobre os protetores bucais no final da primeira parte. Todos os dados coletados foram tabulados e analisados de forma descritiva. Resultado: Um total de 122 guardiões foram entrevistados, 39.3% tiveram crianças que praticavam algum tipo de atividade esportiva e 32% relataram um episódio de trauma. A maioria (54.9%) não sabia o que é um protetor bucal, mas após a explicação, 57.4% tinham visto alguém usando um. Um total de 33 pacientes pediátricos foram entrevistados, 60.6% praticaram algum esporte e 27.3% deles já sofreram algum tipo de trauma dental durante a atividade. Nenhum dos entrevistados usa um protetor bucal durante a atividade esportiva, embora 97% acreditem que usar um protetor bucal é importante e 78.8% acreditam que o protetor não interfere com a atividade. Conclusão: Em conclusão, os guardiões e pacientes pediátricos têm pouco conhecimento sobre os protetores bucais.

Protector bucal por laminado a presión en paciente deportista / Pressure lamination technique mouthguard for athlete patient

RESUMEN: El traumatismo dentoalveolar incluye un conjunto de lesiones que afectan a los dientes y/o estructuras de soporte a consecuencia de un impacto violento directo o indirecto. Debido a que por lo general comprometen el sector anterior generan cambios físicos, fonéticos, psicológicos y dietarios, que pueden afectar significativamente la calidad de vida de pacientes afectados por este traumatismo. Los protectores bucales son considerados la principal medida para minimizar y/o evitar estos traumatismos. El presente artículo describe el tratamiento y procedimientos para realizar un protector bucal por laminado a presión en un paciente deportista con historia previa de traumatismo dentoalveolar en incisivos centrales superiores.

ABSTRACT: Traumatic dental injuries involve lesions that affect teeth and/or adjacent supporting structures as a consequence of direct or indirect violent impact. Due to As it affects the anterior teeth, in most of the cases, it provokes changes in the physical appearance, altering phonetics, psychology and the diet of the affected subject. These changes may significantly alter the quality of life of patients affected by this type of trauma. Mouthguards are considered the primary appliance for minimizing and/or avoiding dental trauma. The present article describes the treatment and procedures to perform a mouthguard by pressure lamination technique in a patient that who practices sports and with a history of trauma affecting the upper central incisors.

Design and validation of an oral health questionnaire for preoperative anaesthetic evaluation / Projeto e validação de um questionário de saúde oral para avaliação pré-anestésica no pré-operatório

Abstract Background and objectives: Dental injuries incurred during endotracheal intubation are more frequent in patients with previous oral pathology. The study objectives were to develop an oral health questionnaire for preanaesthesia evaluation, easy to apply for personnel without special dental training; and establish a cut-off value for detecting persons with poor oral health. Methods: Validation study of a self-administered questionnaire, designed according to a literature review and an expert group's recommendations. The questionnaire was applied to a sample of patients evaluated in a preanaesthesia consultation. Rasch analysis of the questionnaire psychometric properties included viability, acceptability, content validity and reliability of the scale. Results: The sample included 115 individuals, 50.4% of men, with a median age of 58 years (range: 38-71). The final analysis of 11 items presented a Person Separation Index of 0.861 and good adjustment of data to the Rasch model. The scale was unidimensional and its items were not biased by sex, age or nationality. The oral health linear measure presented good construct validity. The cut-off value was set at 52 points. Conclusions: The questionnaire showed sufficient psychometric properties to be considered a reliable tool, valid for measuring the state of oral health in preoperative anaesthetic evaluations.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivo: As lesões dentárias que ocorrem durante a intubação traqueal são mais frequentes em pacientes com patologia oral prévia. O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver um questionário de saúde bucal para avaliação no período pré-anestesia, de fácil aplicação por pessoal sem formação odontológica, e estabelecer um valor de corte para detectar pessoas com má saúde bucal. Métodos: Estudo de validação de um questionário autoadministrado, projetado de acordo com uma revisão da literatura e recomendações de um grupo de especialistas. O questionário foi aplicado a uma amostra de pacientes avaliados em uma consulta pré-anestesia. A análise Rasch das propriedades psicométricas do questionário incluiu viabilidade, aceitabilidade, validade de conteúdo e confiabilidade da escala. Resultados: A amostra incluiu 115 indivíduos, 50,4% de homens, com mediana de 58 anos (variação: 38-71). A análise final dos 11 itens apresentou um índice de separação dos indivíduos de 0,861 e um bom ajuste dos dados ao modelo de Rasch. A escala foi unidimensional e seus itens não foram influenciados por sexo, idade ou nacionalidade. A medida linear da saúde bucal apresentou boa validade de constructo. O valor de corte foi fixado em 52 pontos. Conclusões: O questionário mostrou propriedades psicométricas suficientes para ser considerado uma ferramenta confiável, válida para medir o estado de saúde bucal nas avaliações pré-anestesia antes da operação.

Nivel de conocimientos en pacientes con traumatismo dental / Level of knowledge in patients with dental trauma

Introducción: el traumatismo de los dientes es uno de los accidentes más dramáticos que le suceden a una persona y su frecuencia en la clínica odontológica es cada día mayor, por lo que se requieren conocimientos en la población para su manejo inmediato y adecuado. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de conocimientos de pacientes con traumatismos dentales. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en la población del Área de Salud Pueblo Nuevo, Policlínico Docente “Carlos Verdugo” en el período comprendido del 2009 al 2014. La población estudiada fueron los pacientes que acudieron a consulta de urgencia, con traumatismos en dientes anteriores (215 pacientes), previo consentimiento informado. Resultados: mayor afectación del sexo masculino (65,1 %), así como mayor frecuencia de traumatismos en dientes permanentes que en dientes temporales. La escuela y el estomatólogo fueron las principales fuentes de información acerca del tema (7 % en ambos casos). El nivel de conocimientos que predominó fue el bajo (83,7 %), la población considera que se puede esperar días, como el criterio de actuación ante un trauma dentario. Conclusiones: predominó el sexo masculino, el traumatismo dental fue más frecuente en edades de 4 hasta 11 años y en dientes permanentes. Las fuentes de información reconocidas fueron el estomatólogo y la escuela. Se apreció un desconocimiento general, sobre todo en el manejo inmediato de esta afección (AU).

Introduction: dental trauma is one of the most dramatic accidents a person can suffer and its frequency in dental clinic is higher and higher; therefore it is required the population knowledge on its immediately and adequate handling. Aim: to determine the knowledge level of patients with dental trauma. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the population of Pueblo Nuevo Health Area, Teaching Policlinic "Carlos Verdugo", in the period from 2009 to 2014. Results: male sex was the most affected one (65.1 %), and the frequency of trauma in permanent teeth was higher than in deciduous ones. School and dentist were the main information sources on the theme (7 % in both cases). The predominant knowledge level was low (83.7 %). Population considers that waiting several days could be the behavioural criteria in the case of dental trauma. Conclusions: male sex was the predominant one; dental trauma was more frequent in 4-11 years age. The recognized information sources were the dentist and school. A general lack of knowledge was appreciated, above all in the immediate handling of the affection (AU).

School Environment and Dentoalveolar Trauma in Public Schools of Xaxim, Brazil

Objective: To assess the environment of elementary public schools of Xaxim, SC, Brazil, targeting the prevention of dental trauma. Material and Methods: All thirteen public schools in the city of Xaxim had their physical structure assessed concerning the conditions of floors, windows, stairs, capacity, type of surface of the schoolyard, number of supervisors during recess, and social inclusion. The social environment was assessed through the application of the Brazilian National School-Based Health Survey (PeNSE) to either school principals or educational coordinators. Regarding the social environment, areas for student physical activities, episodes of violence (swearing, physical and verbal aggression), and cases of robbery and theft in the school environment were assessed. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: Situations considered of risk for the occurrence of accidents and dental trauma were identified. Most schools presented episodes of swearing and fights among students, as well as inadequate physical environment. Conclusion: Both social and physical environments were favorable to the occurrence of dental trauma; however, studies that establish this relationship in a deeper fashion are still necessary.

Tooth injury in anaesthesiology / Lesão dentária na anestesiologia

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dental injury is the most common complication of general anaesthesia and has significant physical, economic and forensic consequences. The aim of this study is to review on the characteristics of dental injury associated with anaesthesiology and existing methods of prevention. CONTENTS: In this review, the time of anaesthesia in which the dental injury occurs, the affected teeth, the most frequent type of injury, established risk factors, prevention strategies, protection devices and medico-legal implications inherent to its occurrence are approached. CONCLUSIONS: Before initiating any medical procedure that requires the use of classic laryngoscopy, a thorough and detailed pre-aesthetic evaluation of the dental status of the patient is imperative, in order to identify teeth at risk, analyze the presence of factors associated with difficult intubation and outline a prevention strategy that is tailored to the risk of dental injury of each patient.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A lesão dentária é a complicação mais comum da anestesia geral e apresenta importantes consequências físicas, econômicas e médico-legais. O objetivo deste estudo é fazer uma revisão sobre as características da lesão dentária associada a anestesiologia e os métodos de prevenção existentes. CONTEÚDO: Nesta revisão são abordados o momento da anestesia em que a lesão dentária ocorre, os dentes acometidos, o tipo de lesão mais frequente, os fatores de risco estabelecidos, as estratégias de prevenção, os dispositivos de proteção e as implicações médico-legais inerentes à sua ocorrência. CONCLUSÕES: Antes de iniciar qualquer procedimento médico que exija o recurso à laringoscopia clássica é imperativa uma avaliação pré-anestésica minuciosa e detalhada do estado dentário do doente, de forma a identificar os dentes em risco, analisar a presença de fatores associados a dificuldades de intubação e delinear uma estratégia de prevenção que seja adaptada ao risco de lesão dentária de cada doente.

Brazilian primary school teachers' knowledge about immediate management of dental trauma

OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of knowledge of primary school teachers in the public school network of Northeastern Brazil with respect to management of dental trauma and its relationship with prognosis. METHODS: A questionnaire was applied to 195 school teachers of public schools in Northeastern Brazil. The questionnaire comprised 12 objective questions about dental trauma and methods for its prevention and management. Data were submitted to chi-square test and Poisson regression test (P > 0.05). RESULTS: Out of the 141 teachers who responded the questionnaires, the majority were women (70.2%) and most of them had experienced previous dental accidents involving a child (53.2%). The majority (84.4%) had incomplete college education and few were given some training on how to deal with emergency situations during their undergraduate course (13.5%) or after it (38.3%). Their level of knowledge about dental trauma and emergency protocols showed that unsatisfactory knowledge level was associated with the male sex: 46% higher for men in comparison to women (P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of teachers evaluated had unsatisfactory knowledge about dental trauma and emergency protocols, with female teachers showing more knowledge than men. .

OBJETIVO: avaliar o nível de conhecimento de professores de escolas primárias na rede pública de ensino na região nordeste do Brasil, no que diz respeito ao manejo do paciente traumatizado e sua relação com o prognóstico. MÉTODOS: aplicou-se um questionário a 195 professores da rede pública de ensino da região nordeste do Brasil. O questionário continha 12 questões objetivas sobre os traumatismos dentários e seus métodos de prevenção e manejo. Após obtenção dos dados, esses foram submetidos ao teste qui-quadradro e ao teste de regressão de Poisson (p > 0,05). RESULTADOS: dos 141 professores que responderam o questionário, a maioria era composta pelo sexo feminino (70,2%) e a maior parte já vivenciara algum episódio de acidente com criança (53,2%). A maioria (84,4%) possui ensino superior incompleto e poucos foram contemplados com manobras de urgência na graduação (13,5%) ou após essa (38,3%). Os resultados da regressão para o nível de conhecimento sobre traumatismos dentários e protocolo de urgência em relação às variáveis explanatórias do estudo demonstraram que o conhecimento insatisfatório foi associado ao sexo masculino, sendo 46% maior para os homens (p = 0,025). CONCLUSÃO: aproximadamente metade dos professores possui conhecimento insatisfatório sobre traumatismos dentários e protocolo de urgência, sendo que os professores do sexo feminino apresentaram maior conhecimento do que os do sexo masculino. .

O uso dos protetores bucais na prática do basquete / The use of mouthguards in basketball practice

O uso dos protetores bucais durante a prática esportiva visa proteger os atletas contra as injúrias dentofaciais. Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar, mediante um questionário que foi aplicado em jogadores de basquete, se há ou não o uso dos protetores durante a prática do esporte, e se eles sabem como agir frente … avulsão dentária. Foi aplicado um questionário para 67 jogadores de basquete de ambos os sexos. As questões incluíam tempo de prática do esporte; ocorrência de alguns traumas; se faz o uso do protetor, e qual; se conhece a importância do uso dos protetores; se o seu técnico já  mencionou sobre o uso dos protetores; se o seu dentista sabe que ele pratica o esporte e se já  comentou sobre a importância do uso do protetor. Constatou-se que a maioria dos entrevistados (63%) joga basquete há  mais de 3 anos e, destes, 70,15% nunca sofreram traumatismo. Apenas dois atletas relataram fazer uso do protetor bucal. 79,10% relataram que seus dentistas sabiam de sua prática esportiva sendo que somente 49,25% recomendavam a utilização de protetores bucais. Embora 29,85% dos entrevistados já  tinham sofrido traumatismo e 76,11% dos atletas relataram ter consciência da importância do uso do protetor bucal, o seu uso ainda‚ restrito a 3% dos entrevistados. Com os resultados obtidos neste estudo pode-se afirmar que os jogadores de basquete não usam o protetor bucal mesmo conhecendo a sua importância, e não sabem como agir frente … avulsão dentária

The use of mouthguards during sports practice aims to protect athletes against dentofacial injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the percentage of basketball athletes that uses mouthgards and their knowledge on dental avulsion. Therefore a questionnaire was applied to 67 basketball players of both genders. The questions covered aspects such as the time dedicated to the practice of this sport; the occurrence of trauma; the use of the protector, if the dentist is aware that the athlete practices basketball and if has commented on the importance of using mouthguards. It was found that the majority of respondents (63%) have being playing basketball for over three years and 70.15% of them have never suffered any trauma. Only two athletes reported use of mouthguard, and 79.10% reported that their dentists was informed about their sport practice. However just 49.25% recommended the use of mouthguards. Even though 29.85% of the athletes had suffered trauma and 76.11% of them reported being aware of the importance of using a mouthguard, the use of these protectors are still restricted to 3% of the sample. According to these results it can be stated that basketball players do not wear a mouthguard, even knowing its importance, and do not know how to act in the presence of dental avulsion

Folheto educativo melhora o conhecimento de pais frente ao traumatismo alvéolo-dentário? / Do educational leaflets improve the knowledge of parents when faced with traumatic dental injuries?

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a eficácia de um folheto educativo para melhoraro nível de conhecimento sobre o pronto-atendimento em casos de traumatismo alvéolo-dentário (TAD) por pais/responsáveis de crianças de até 12 anos. Materiais e Métodos: Uma amostra de 257 pais/responsáveis decrianças de até 12 anos de idade que faziam acompanhamento em Unidades de Saúde do Município de Colombo(PR) entre junho e setembro de 2012 respondeu a questionários com dados demográficos e socioeconômicose sobre atitudes no prontoatendimento de casos de TAD (QTAD). O QTAD é um questionário autoaplicado, composto por 10 perguntas de múltipla escolha referentes a situações de avulsão, intrusão, extrusão e fratura na dentição decídua e permanente e foi aplicado antes (QTAD1) e imediatamente após (QTAD2) a leitura do folheto educativo. O folheto educativo se baseou nas orientações da Sociedade Brasileira de Traumatologia Dentária, continha instruções sobre como proceder diante de casos de TAD e possuía ilustrações coloridas das situações, linguagem simples e direta. Resultados: Após a leitura do folheto, houve aumento no escore total do QTAD (Teste de Wilcoxon, p < 0,001) e na frequência de acertos para a maioria das questões individuais, sendo o aumento mais expressivo para respondentes jovens (rs = -0,127, p = 0,042), com maior escolaridade (Teste de Mann-Whitney, p < 0,001), maior renda (rs = 0,135, p = 0,030) e menor escore em QTAD1 (rs = -0,524, p <0,001). Conclusão: O folheto educativo mostrou-se um instrumento válido para melhorar o conhecimento de pais/responsáveis sobre o pronto-atendimento em casos de TAD em crianças.

Evolución clínica de dientes permanentes traumatizados. Policlínico Taguasco. 2010-2011 / Clinical evolution of permanent traumatized teeth. Polyclinic, Taguasco. 2010-2011

Fundamento: el aumento progresivo de los traumatismos dentoalveolares su inestable evolución a mediano y corto plazo motivó la realización de esta investigación. Objetivo: identificar la evolución en el tratamiento de lesiones traumáticas en dientes permanentes en pacientes que acudieron a consulta de urgencia durante el periodo comprendido de julio a diciembre del 2010 y evolucionados de agosto hasta diciembre del 2011. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. La población de estudio que coincide con la muestra fueron 45 pacientes con traumatismo en dientes permanentes. Las variables: edad, clasificación de las lesiones traumáticas, tratamiento, periodicidad en la evolución, la evolución clínica anual de los dientes complicados y la evolución anual de forma general. Resultados: el grupo de 8-11 mostró cifras más altas y las fracturas no complicadas de la corona fueron las más numerosas. El recubrimiento pulpar fue el tratamiento de urgencia más usado. Se encontraron signos de afección clínica en la evolución anual de algunos pacientes. Los pacientes que mantuvieron una periodicidad completa en su tratamiento evolucionaron de forma satisfactoria. Conclusiones: los pacientes que tuvieron fracturas más complicadas presentaron signos de afección clínica y aquellos que mantuvieron una periodicidad en el tratamiento tuvieron una evolución satisfactoria.

Background: the progressive increasement of dentoalveolar traumas, its unsteady evolution in middle and short term motivated the realization of this investigation. Objective: to identify the evolution of traumatic lesions in permanent teeth in patients who came to the emergency room from July to December 2010 and evolved from August to December 2011. Methodology: a transversal descriptive study was carried out. The study population which coincides with the sample was 45 patients with trauma in permanent teeth. The variables: age classification of traumatic lesions, treatment, evolution, yearly clinical evolution. Results: the group 8 to 11 showed higher numbers and the non-complicated fractures of the crown were the most frequent. The pulpar covering was the most used emergency treatment. Signs of clinical affectations in the yearly evolution of some patients were found. The patients with a complete follow up of the treatment evolved satisfactorily. Conclusions: The patients who had more complicated fractures showed signs of clinical affectations.

Traumatismo dentário em adolescentes entre 15 e 19 anos na cidade do Recife / PE e fatores associados - estudo preliminar / Traumatic tooth injuries and associated factors in adolescents aged 15 to 19 years in Recife/PE/Brazil - a preliminary study

Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de traumatismo dentário e fatores associados em adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos da cidade do Recife/PE. Metodologia: a amostra foi composta por 148 adolescentes de ambos os sexos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de exames clínicos e entrevistas realizadas nos intervalos das aulas. Os testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher foram utilizados para verificar a associação entre as variáveis. O nível de significância utilizado foi de 5%. A prevalência encontrada foi de aproximadamente 15%. Resultados: os dentes mais afetados foram os incisivos centrais superiores. A maioria dos adolescentes apresentou um único dente atingido por trauma. As principais causas de trauma dental foram: brincando com outras pessoas (45,5%) e quedas (18,2%). Não houve associação entre a presença de traumatismo dental e overjet acentuado e/ou cobertura labial inadequada. Não foi observada diferença estatística entre prevalência de traumatismo e o sexo dos adolescentes. O tipo de escola não foi associado à presença de traumatismo.Conclusão: a prevalência de traumatismo dental em adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos de idade da cidade do Recife foi relativamente alta, porém não foi observada associação entre overjet e cobertura labial...

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of traumatic tooth injuries and associated factors in Adolescents aged 15 to 19 years in the city of Recife, PE, Brazil. Method: The sample consisted of 148 adolescents of both genders. Data were collected by clinical examinations and interviews conductedbetween classes. Pearson?s chi-square and Fisher?s exact tests were used to assess the association among the variables. The significance level was set at 5%. The prevalence was approximately 15%. Results: The most affected teeth were the maxillary central incisors. Most adolescents had a single hit tooth trauma. The main causes of dental trauma were playing with someone (45.5%) and falls (18.2%). There was no association between dental trauma and severe overjetand/or inadequate lip coverage. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the prevalence of trauma and gender of the adolescents. The type of school was not associated with the presence of traumatic tooth injuries. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental trauma in adolescents aged 15 to 19 years in Recife was relatively high, but no association was foundbetween overjet and lip coverage...

Ocorrência de injúrias orofaciais em praticantes de esportes de luta / Orofacial injuries in combat sports practitioners

Objetivo: Analisar a ocorrência de lesões orofaciais em praticantes de esportes de luta. Método: Realizou-se um estudo transversal, descritivo-analítico, com abordagem indutiva e técnica de pesquisa a observação direta extensiva. A amostra do tipo não probabilística foi composta por 85 praticantes de esportes de luta matriculados em academias de Campina Grande-PB. Os dados foram coletados mediante a aplicação de um questionário composto por perguntas abertas e fechadas, dicotômicas e de múltipla escolha. As variáveis analisadas foram: sexo, idade, número e tipo de esporte praticado, importância e uso do protetor bucal, tipo de protetor bucal (pré-fabricado, termoplástico ou confeccionado pelo cirurgião-dentista), ocorrência de lesão associada à prática esportiva, região acometida e injúria na cavidade bucal. Os dados foram apresentados por meio da estatística descritiva. Para a análise bivariada utilizou-se os testes Exato de Fisher e Qui-quadrado (p menor que 0,05%). Resultados: A maioria dos atletas eram homens (76,5%), sendo a média de idade de 27,4 anos (±8,7). Quanto ao número de esportes, observou-se que a maioria fazia um único esporte de luta (90,6%). No que concerne ao tipo de esporte, verificou-se um predomínio do boxe (46,2%), seguido do Jiu-Jitsu (25,8%). A quase totalidade dos indivíduos (95,3%) afirmou conhecer a importância dos protetores bucais, porém apenas 41,7% relataram utilizá-lo, durante a prática esportiva existindo diferença estatisticamente significante entre o uso e o sexo do atleta (P=0,023). O tipo de protetor bucal mais utilizado foi o termoplástico (51,4%). Com relação à ocorrência de lesões nas distintas regiões do corpo, 43,5% afirmaram ter sofrido injúrias, existindo associação entre o sexo e a presença de lesão (P=0,002). Lesões na cavidade bucal foram reportadas por 16,5% dos praticantes, sendo todos do sexo masculino, existindo, portanto, associação estatisticamente significante entre o sexo e a presença de lesões na cavidade bucal (P=0,016). Conclusão: Há um predomínio do sexo masculino entre os atletas de esportes de luta, porém nem todos fazem uso dos protetores bucais durante a prática esportiva, apesar da alta ocorrência de injúrias nas regiões da cabeça e face. As lesões na cavidade bucal apresentaram uma baixa frequência nesses desportistas.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of orofacial injuries among combat sports practitioners. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in a sample of 85 combat sports practitioners from fitness gyms in the city of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. The data were collected using a questionnaire applied to the participants and referred to gender, age, type and number of the practiced sports, importance and use of mouthguard, type of mouthguard, occurrence of injuries related to sports practice, affected region, and oral injury. The data were processed by Epi Info 3.5.1 software and presented by descriptive statistics. Fisher's exact and chi-square tests were employed for bivariate analysis (p less than 0.05). Results: Most athletes were men (76.5%) and the mean age was 27.4 ± 8.7 years. The prevailing sports practices were boxing (46.2%) and jiu-jitsu (25.8%). Only 41.7% of the interviewers used a mouthguard during sports practice and there was a statistically significant difference for its use between the genders (p=0.023). Thermoplastic mouthguard was the most frequently used type (51.4%). Occurrence of diverse injuries in different regions of the body was reported by 43.5% of the subjects, with a statistically significant association between gender and presence of injury (p=0.002). Oral injuries were reported by 16.5% of the practitioners, all of them male, with a statistically significant association between gender and presence of oral injuries (p=0.016). Conclusion: Mouthguard is not properly used by combat sports practitioners, in spite of the high rate of injuries in the head and face region. There was a low frequency of oral injuries among these athletes.

Protetores bucais e sua prevenção nos traumatismos dentais durante a prática esportiva

O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar todos os aspectos referentes aos protetores bucais, desde sua eficácia, mecanismos de ação, vantagens e desvantagens, material usado...

Tratamento em incisivos centrais superiores após traumatismo dental / Treatment of upper central incisors after trauma

Os traumatismos dentários constituem, na atualidade, uma das principais causas da procura pelo cirurgião-dentista. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um caso clínico de traumatismo dental, abordando as diferentes reações pulpares dos dentes afetados e uma proposta de tratamento. Foram identificados dois tipos distintos de respostas pulpares ocorridas em dentes que foram sujeitos a um mesmo traumatismo (dente 21 e 11). Após o exame clínico e radiográfico, foi feito o diagnóstico diferencial entre lesão periapical no dente 21 e a imagem radiolúcida do orifício do nervo nasopalatino. Foi diagnosticado necrose pulpar no dente 21, sem lesão periapical e polpa viva no dente 11, apresentando este reabsorção interna e externa da raiz. Foi realizado o planejamento com indicação de tratamento de canal dos dentes 21 e 11, bem como a restauração estética dos mesmos com recurso de técnicas de clareamento interno e externo. O tratamento seleccionado mostrou um ótimo resultado estético com um custo relativamente baixo. O follow-up de dois anos permitiu confirmar o êxito e a longevidade do tratamento proposto.

Presently, dental trauma is one of the main causes for seeking a dental surgeon. The present paper presents a case report of dental trauma, addressing the different pulp reactions of the affected teeth and a treatment plan. The authors identified two distinct types of pulp reactions in teeth (tooth 21 and 11) subject to the same trauma. After clinical and radiographic examination, the differential diagnosis between periapical lesion on tooth 21 and radiolucency of the nasopalatine foramen was performed. Pulpal necrosis, without periapical lesion, was diagnosed in tooth 21, and live pulp in tooth 11, with internal and external root resorption. A treatment plan was designed, which included root canal treatment of teeth 21 and 11, as well as aesthetical restoration of both using internal and external bleaching techniques. This treatment resulted in optimal aesthetic outcome with relatively low cost. The 2-year follow-up confirmed the success and longevity of the treatment.

Survey on the occurrence of dental trauma and preventive strategies among Brazilian professional soccer players

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to verify the occurrence of dental injuries in professional Brazilian soccer players, the level of knowledge of the teams' medical departments about mouthguards, and the conducts adopted in cases of dental trauma during the match. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Closed questionnaires were sent to the physicians in charge of the medical departments of the 40 teams enrolled in the first and second divisions of the Brazilian professional soccer league in 2007. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive analysis to determine absolute and relative frequencies of answers for each one of the questions. RESULTS: Physicians from 38 (95 percent) of the 40 teams in the first and second divisions answered the questionnaires and 71.1 percent reported the occurrence of some type of dental injury during soccer practice, dental fractures (74.1 percent) and avulsions (59.3 percent) being the most prevalent ones. Regarding emergency conducts, approximately 50 percent answered that a successful replantation could be obtained in periods from 6 to 24 h after injury, and 27.8 percent were not able to answer this question. Regarding mouthguard use, 48.6 percent of the physicians did not know about mouthguards, and only 21.6 percent usually recommended their use by the soccer players. Among the physicians who do not recommend the use of mouthguards, 50 percent justified that it was not necessary. Almost 50 percent of the medical departments do not have a dentist as part of the health professional staff. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to conclude that dental injuries are common during professional soccer practice and that there is a lack of information in the medical departments related to the emergency conducts and prevention of dental trauma.